【but的用法归纳总结】在英语学习中，“but”是一个非常常见的连词，主要用于表示转折关系。虽然它看起来简单，但在实际使用中却有着丰富的用法和语境。为了帮助大家更好地掌握“but”的用法，本文将从基本用法、常见搭配、特殊结构等方面进行归纳总结，并通过表格形式清晰展示。
一、基本用法
“but”最基础的用法是表示转折，相当于中文中的“但是”或“可是”。它通常用于连接两个相对或相反的句子或分句。
- 例句：
- I wanted to go, but I was too tired.
- She is smart, but she is not always polite.
二、常见搭配与固定用法
除了基本的转折用法外，“but”还常与其他词语搭配使用，形成一些固定表达。
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
| but also | 不仅……而且…… | He is a teacher, but also a writer. |
| but that | 但（后面接从句） | I would have gone, but that I had no time. |
| but for | 要不是（表示虚拟语气） | But for your help, I would have failed. |
| but then | 然而（强调时间上的转折） | I agreed, but then I changed my mind. |
三、特殊结构与用法
1. but + 形容词/副词 + to do sth.
表示“难以……”，强调某种情绪或状态。
- 例句：
- I was too tired to go.
- She was too excited to sleep.
2. not...but...
表示否定一个，肯定另一个，常用于对比。
- 例句：
- It’s not the weather, but the noise that bothers me.
- She is not lazy, but forgetful.
3. but that 引导的虚拟语气
常用于表示对过去情况的假设。
- 例句：
- But that he had money, he wouldn’t have been able to buy the house.
4. but for 引导的条件句
表示“要不是……”，用于虚拟语气。
- 例句：
- But for the rain, we would have had a picnic.
四、常见错误与注意事项
| 错误用法 | 正确用法 | 说明 |
| I like apples, but not oranges. | I like apples, but not oranges. | “but not” 不能单独放在句首。 |
| But I don't think so. | But I don't think so. | “but” 在句首时，前面应有逗号。 |
| I want to go, but can't. | I want to go, but I can't. | “but” 后面需要完整的句子。 |
五、总结表格
| 用法类型 | 用法说明 | 例句 |
| 基本转折 | 表示“但是” | I wanted to go, but I was too tired. |
| but also | 不仅……而且…… | He is a teacher, but also a writer. |
| but that | 但（虚拟语气） | I would have gone, but that I had no time. |
| but for | 要不是（虚拟语气） | But for your help, I would have failed. |
| not...but... | 否定一个，肯定一个 | She is not lazy, but forgetful. |
| but + 形容词/副词 + to do sth. | 难以…… | She was too excited to sleep. |
| but then | 然而（时间转折） | I agreed, but then I changed my mind. |
通过以上内容的归纳总结，我们可以看到，“but”虽然看似简单，但其用法多样，尤其是在不同语境下的细微差别值得我们仔细体会。建议在日常阅读和写作中多加练习，逐步掌握其灵活运用。
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