【英语特殊句式语法汇总】在英语学习过程中,掌握一些特殊的句式结构对于提高语言表达能力、理解复杂句子以及应对考试都具有重要意义。这些特殊句式不仅丰富了语言的表达方式,还能帮助我们更准确地传达思想。本文将对常见的英语特殊句式进行系统梳理,帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
一、强调句(Emphasis Sentences)
强调句是英语中用来突出某个特定成分的句式结构,常用于强调主语、宾语、状语等。其基本结构为:
It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分
例如:
- It was John who broke the window.
- It is in the library that I study every day.
强调句的关键在于“it”和“that/who”的使用,且不能用其他连词替代。
二、倒装句(Inversion)
倒装句是指将谓语动词或助动词置于主语之前的句式,常见于书面语和正式场合。主要分为两种类型:
1. 完全倒装(Full Inversion)
通常出现在某些副词或介词短语位于句首时,如:here, there, now, then, up, down 等。
- Here comes the bus.
- Down fell the leaves from the tree.
2. 部分倒装(Partial Inversion)
常见于否定词或带有否定意义的词开头,如:never, hardly, not only, no sooner 等。
- Never have I seen such a beautiful place.
- Not only did he pass the exam, but he also got a scholarship.
三、虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)
虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反的愿望、建议、假设等情况,常见于一些固定句型中。
1. 对现在事实的虚拟
If + 主语 + 动词过去式,主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形
- If I were you, I would take the job.
2. 对过去事实的虚拟
If + 主语 + had + 过去分词,主语 + would/could/might + have + 过去分词
- If I had known the truth, I would have acted differently.
3. 对将来事实的虚拟
If + 主语 + should/were to + 动词原形,主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形
- If it should rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.
四、省略句(Elliptical Sentences)
在口语或书面语中,为了简洁明了,常常省略某些重复或可以推断出的部分。常见于以下几种情况:
1. 在比较句中省略
- She is taller than I (am).
- He runs faster than she (does).
2. 在条件句中省略
- If you are ready, we can leave now.
- Unless you finish your homework, you can't go out.
五、同位语从句(Appositive Clause)
同位语从句是对前面名词的进一步解释说明,通常由that引导,但有时也可以由whether、how、why等引导。
- The fact that he passed the exam surprised everyone.
- The question whether we should go remains unresolved.
六、定语从句(Relative Clauses)
定语从句用于修饰先行词,由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(when, where, why)引导。
- The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.
- The city where I was born is full of memories.
七、独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)
独立主格结构是一种非谓语结构,由名词或代词加分词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成,常用于表示伴随状态或原因。
- The meeting over, we went home.
- The weather being fine, we decided to go for a walk.
八、形式主语(Formal Subject)
在英语中,为了保持句子结构平衡,常用“it”作为形式主语,而将真正的主语放在后面。
- It is important that we arrive on time.
- It is said that he is coming tomorrow.
总结
英语中的特殊句式虽然形式多样,但只要掌握其基本结构和使用规则,就能在实际应用中灵活运用。无论是写作还是口语表达,恰当使用这些句式都能提升语言的地道性和表现力。希望本文能帮助大家更好地理解和掌握英语中的特殊句式,为英语学习打下坚实的基础。