【名词性从句讲解练习ppt课件】 名词性从句讲解练习PPT课件
一、什么是名词性从句?
在英语语法中,名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词作用的从句。它可以作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语使用。
常见的名词性从句包括:
- 主语从句
- 宾语从句
- 表语从句
- 同位语从句
这些从句通常由连接词引导,如:that, whether, if, what, who, when, where, why, how 等。
二、名词性从句的类型与用法
1. 主语从句(Subject Clause)
主语从句是充当主语的从句,通常放在句首,也可以使用it作形式主语。
例句:
- That he is late makes the teacher angry.
- It is clear that he will win the competition.
2. 宾语从句(Object Clause)
宾语从句是动词、介词或某些形容词后的从句,表示动作或状态的对象。
例句:
- I know that he is a doctor.
- She asked whether she could come.
3. 表语从句(Predicative Clause)
表语从句出现在系动词之后,对主语进行说明。
例句:
- The problem is that we don’t have enough time.
- The fact is that he didn’t tell the truth.
4. 同位语从句(Appositive Clause)
同位语从句是对前面名词的具体解释,常跟在抽象名词后,如:fact, idea, news, belief, question 等。
例句:
- The news that he passed the exam surprised everyone.
- The question whether we should go remains unsolved.
三、引导名词性从句的常见连接词
| 连接词 | 用法说明 |
|--------|----------|
| that | 引导从句时,不作成分,也不翻译,常用于主语、宾语、表语从句 |
| whether / if | 引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,但 if 不可用于主语从句 |
| what / who / when / where / why / how | 引导从句时,在从句中充当成分,如主语、宾语、状语等 |
四、名词性从句的语序与语态
1. 语序要求
名词性从句必须使用陈述语序,不能使用疑问语序。
错误:
- Do you know where did he go?
正确:
- Do you know where he went?
2. 语态转换
如果主句是被动语态,从句的语态也要相应调整。
例句:
- The teacher said that the homework was finished.
- It was said that the homework had been finished.
五、常见错误与注意事项
1. 混淆 whether 和 if
- if 不能引导主语从句;
- whether 可以引导所有类型的名词性从句。
2. 忽略 that 的省略
- 在口语或非正式场合中,that 可以省略,但在正式写作中应保留。
3. 误用连接词
- 根据从句中的成分选择合适的连接词,如:what 表示“什么”,when 表示“什么时候”。
六、练习题(附答案)
1. 填空题
The teacher asked ______ he had finished his homework.
答案: whether / if
2. 改错题
I don't know that he is coming.
正确: I don't know that he is coming.(若去掉 that,语义更自然)
3. 句子改写
He told me that he would come.
改写为同位语从句:
The news that he would come made me happy.
七、总结
名词性从句是英语中非常重要的语法结构,掌握其类型、引导词和语序规则,有助于提高阅读理解与写作表达能力。通过大量练习,可以更加熟练地运用这一语法点。
如需进一步扩展内容,可添加更多例句、图表或互动练习环节,使PPT内容更生动实用。